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Namur, Belgium and its main monument the Citadel are very closely intertwined. The Citadel means stronghold or fortification. In the 3rd and 4th centuries, in order to defend the Meuse valley against invasion, the Romans built a fortified outlook post on top of the rock. It was replaced with a wooden tower in the 10th century. At the time it was replaced, other buildings were added – a wall, water pit, church and a newer, bigger tower and everything was built with stones. Unfortunately, none of this original construction remains. However what does remain, is two of the four towers built between 1235 and 1245. The two towers are called Tour aux Chartes and Tour au Four.

La Mediane was built by Emperor Charles V as a "city" for the soldiers who protected the fortress. Over time other fortifications were added to protect the rock and by the end of the 17th century the Citadel of Namur had turned into an almost impregnable stronghold. Not to mention one of the largest fortified constructions in Europe. Large portions of the Citadel were destroyed on order of Napoleon Bonaparte at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1939-1940 the underground parts of the citadel were used in the war efforts and were outfitted with air conditioning systems, anti-gas systems and armored doors.

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